DNA mimicking ArdA anti-restriction proteins specifically inhibit restriction (endonuclease) activity of the type I restriction-modification (RM) system. An ArdA monomer is comprised of three α-β domains (the N-domain, Central domain, and C-domain), each with a different fold. Here we describe an alignment of the amino acid (a.a.) sequences of the ArdA with a conserved 20-a.a. motif in the N domain. The N domains of ArdA proteins of the Gram-positive bacteria Arthrobacter sp. and Bifidobacterium longum, and the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas plecoglossicida are capable of inhibiting the repressive activity of the H-NS global silencer protein in Escherichia coli cells. The presence of the H-NS inhibiting N domain in the ArdA structure enables horizontal gene transfer by mobile elements, including conjugative plasmids and transposons. Specifically, it aids in overcoming intercellular restriction barriers, allowing faster adaption to the genome context of the recipient bacterium.Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) infect almost all organs and tissues, cause genital herpes-the most common sexually transmitted disease-disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), and lead to severe complications in children. Despite the available drugs, the incidence of HSV-1/2 continues to rise. None of the prophylactic vaccine candidates have shown a protective effect in trials nor approval for use in clinical practice. We have investigated the protective properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from the bone marrow of mice. A comparative analysis of the protective response to the introduction of primary and modified MSCs (mMSC) was carried out using the plasmid containing gene of the HSV and an inactivated virus in a model of lethal HSV-1 infection in mice. mMSCs were obtained by transfection of the Us6 gene encoding glycoprotein D (gD) of the HSV, the plasmid contained the same gene. After twofold immunization with primary MSCs, the formation of antibodies interacting with the viral antigen (according to enzyme immunoassay data) and neutralizing the infectious activity of HSV-1 in the reaction of biological neutralization was observed in the peripheral blood of mice. In addition, the introduction of primary MSCs induced the production of interferon gamma (INF-γ) which is detected in the peripheral blood of mice. After infection with HSV-1, the immunized mice showed significantly increased titers of virus-specific antibodies, an increased level of IFNγ, and were completely protected from lethal HSV-1 infection. The protective effect of the other three immunogens was lower and did not exceed 50-65%. Considering the wide availability of MSCs, the proven safety of intravenous administration, and the results obtained in this work on the ability to induce innate, adaptive and protective immunity to HSV-1, MSCs can be considered a promising basis for the development of new cellular vaccines for the prevention of herpesvirus and other viral infections.Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (MLO) is a venomous snake endemic to Middle East. Here we describe the therapeutic potential of the MLO snake venom. In S-180 sarcoma-bearing mouse model, we showed that the MLO snake venom inhibits tumour growth by 50%. In human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-D), treatment with the MLO snake venom lead to an increase of expression levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while the level of the expression of caspase 8 did not change. In HMVEC-D cells MLO snake venom induces necroptosis, rather than apoptosis. In the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, exposure to MLO snake venom inhibited bFGF-induced angiogenesis by 22%. Taken together, these results indicate that the MLO snake venom has a potent cytotoxic activity. Regulated necroptic cell death pathway, which is engaged by MLO snake venom, may become a promising novel target for antitumor therapies.Cytoskeletal protein β-actin is abundant both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, its mRNA is commonly utilized an internal control for gene expression analysis. Recent reports demostrated that hypoxia influences the levels of β-actin in a variety of cells. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/zn-c3.html The mechanism underlying this change are not yet elucidated. In this work, we show that the changes in the levels of hypoxia-induced Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) lead to the change in expression of β-actin. We compared the protein levels of NRF-1 and β-actin in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues and found their significantly upregulation in cancer (33% patitents). When gastric cancer cells and normal gastric cells were treated with 1% O2 for 48 h, the trends in expression levels of NRF-1 and β-actin were similar. When NRF-1 expression was modified by its overexpressing or silencing, the levels of β-actin changed accordingly. In β-actin gene (ACTB), three binding sites for NRF-1 were found. These sites are conserved in human, mouse and rat genomes. In ChIP experiments, we showed that NRF-1 directly binds to human ACTB and mouse Actb coding regions. Its seems that the transcription of β-actin encoding gene is NRF-1 dependent.Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe hypertensive pathology and affects 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Its etiopathogenesis is poorly understood, and prognostic biomarkers and effective treatments are unavailable for this pregnancy complication, determining the high rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Racial and ethnic differences in PE incidence are of interest to study in terms of evolutionary medicine because such variability can be considered as a side effect of adaptive changes that have occurred in the genetic structure of modern populations since the dispersal of Homo sapiens from Africa. Genetic diversity at 10 regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) associated with PE was studied in North Eurasian populations and world populations of the 1000 Genomes Project. The role of natural selection in the formation of this genetic diversity was assessed at the microevolutionary level. High interpopulation diversity was observed with the greatest contribution being made by allele frequencies of NDRG1 rs3802252 (FST = 0.